Recent reports support energy storage paired with renewable energy to achieve clean energy grids as they create affordable, reliable, and deeply decarbonised electricity systems.
FREMONT, CA: In intensely decarbonised energy systems utilising high penetrations of variable renewable energy (VRE), energy storage is essential to keep the lights on and the electricity flowing when generation from these VRE resources is low, or demand is high. Recent studies indicate the need for energy storage and explore pathways using VRE resources and storage to reach decarbonised electricity systems efficiently in the near future.
A new multidisciplinary report urges investment in sophisticated analytical tools for planning, operation, and electricity system regulation to deploy and use the storage efficiently. As storage technologies can substitute for or complement all power system elements, including generation, transmission, and demand response, these tools will be crucial to future electricity system designers, operators, and regulators. There is a need for additional support for complementary staffing and upskilling programmes at regulatory agencies at the state and federal levels.
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Energy storage makes deep decarbonisation of reliable electric power systems affordable. Fossil fuel power plant operators have traditionally responded to electricity demand by adjusting the electricity supply streaming into the grid. However, VRE resources like wind and solar rely on daily and seasonal variations and weather fluctuations. They are not available to be dispatched to follow electricity demand. Energy storage can help VRE-dominated electricity systems balance electricity supply and demand while maintaining reliability and cost-effectively. This will support the electrification of many end-use activities beyond the electricity sector.
These new initiatives will help governments, industries, and academia chart a path to developing and deploying electrical energy storage technologies to encourage electrification and decarbonisation throughout the economy while avoiding excessive or inequitable burdens.
Storage can play a significant role in emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) countries, where rapid economic expansion and increased adoption of electricity-consuming technologies such as air conditioning are expected to result in massive increases in electricity demand. In addition, battery storage is likely to play a pivotal role in decarbonising grids in EMDE nations that lack access to low-cost gas and rely on coal generation.
Investment in VRE combined with storage supports new coal generation over the medium and long term in a few countries, although existing coal plants linger unless forced out by policy measures like carbon pricing.
Developing countries are a significant part of the global decarbonisation challenge. Recent studies focus on how such regions can take advantage of the declining costs of renewables and storage in the coming decades to become climate leaders without compromising economic development and modernisation. Existing power plants can be converted to useful energy storage centres by replacing fossil fuel boilers with thermal storage and new steam generators. This is possible using commercially available technologies and is attractive to plant owners and communities using assets that would otherwise be abandoned as electricity systems decarbonise.