Energy can be produced from non-recyclable waste using WTE technologies.
FREMONT, CA: By converting non-recyclable waste into energy, WTE technologies can produce usable energy. Boilers produce electricity by superheated steam from the combustion of waste, and turbo generators produce electricity from the steam.
Since landfills the traditional method of disposing of waste - are running out in most cities, waste management has become imperative. WTE technologies are increasingly important with the continuous growth of cities and limited land availability.
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An Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Senior Private Sector Operation Specialist notes that WTE is only part of a comprehensive waste management plan. The first objective should be to minimize waste, the second to recycle waste and the third to incinerate waste, and the last goal should be to landfill the ash left in the process.
Renewable energy is provided by WTE systems. The greatest advantage of WTE today is that it reduces waste that goes to landfills by up to 90 percent by converting waste into ash. As a result of this reduction in waste, landfills with decomposing organic materials can emit less methane. Investing significantly in garbage management is crucial in Southeast Asia, where urban populations are projected to double by 2030. It is also important to consider that WTE solutions are generally not feasible in areas with limited landfills, such as Singapore.
Proven technologies: Technology based on WTE has been developed and implemented for decades. An efficient method for burning Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the 'moving grate, mass burn' technology, which uses a moving grate traversing from a feed shaft to an ash pit to burn the waste. It works with large quantities and various waste compositions and calorific values without pretreatment or sorting. A proven track record of operation for mixing MSW has been in place for over a century.
The economics of WTE: Banks, multilateral development banks, financial sponsors, and private equity firms are tapping into this market, which is predicted to grow by more than 15 percent annually by 2023. Most emerging markets have limited access to financial equity, whereas developed markets like Australia have greater availability.
Key issues affecting development: Public policies in Southeast Asian countries encourage and support WTE projects. A WTE plant project in Indonesia has been declared a national strategic project by the Indonesian government. Initiatives to establish a viable risk structure for WTE projects, however, the government stakeholders must work together closely to ensure a predictable, stable cash flow for WTE plants through a bankable PPP structure, including the state utility as an offtaker of electricity, the municipalities as waste suppliers, and the land sites.
Municipal governments can implement WTE projects by leveraging private sector skills. In addition to financing, long-term waste contracts with predictable fees are available. There are tariff levels that can be included in power-off take contracts that support WTE's commercial viability. Developing countries like Singapore and others in the region are setting the right standards. Other countries in the region can use successful projects as a model.