Municipal solid waste plants recycle wastes effectively, producing comparatively fewer emissions while adopting newer technologies.
FREMONT, CA: The US generated 292.4 million tons of municipal solid waste in 2010, according to EPA research. The EPA reports that the largest categories of municipal solid waste include paper and paperboard, food, yard trimmings, plastics, metals, and wood.
Despite widespread efforts to recycle these materials, only 69 million tons, or less than one-quarter, have been recycled. Paper, metal, and glass are the most common materials recycled, and Composting accounts for another 43 million tons of material. Regarding MSW management, landfilling accounts for over half of all waste, with 146 million tons.
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A thermal conversion facility is a better way of handling unrecyclable MSW by converting it into energy. In such a facility, waste is fed into a combustion chamber and incinerated. A combined heat and power system uses the heat released from combustion to produce steam, electricity, or both. Combustion recovers the heat from MSW and reduces its volume by over 90 percent, thus minimizing the need for landfills.
Emissions: Waste-to-energy practices often qualify as renewable energy source because it contains a high level of biogenic material. Due to the waste composition, more than 50 percent of the power is deemed renewable.
New technology: It is possible to reduce net emissions by implementing new technologies. Deployed steel alloys can increase thermal efficiency, which means more power will be produced per pound of CO2 emitted. Carbon capture systems have been installed in some WTE plants or have been planned for installation. Adding carbon capture to WTE plants may be economically advantageous since they are smaller than coal-fired plants. It is possible for such facilities to become local sources of CO2 or to situate themselves near aquifers that can sustainably store CO2.
WTE facilities: WTE facilities provide a valuable solution to two vitally important infrastructure components by providing both low-carbon power generation and environmentally sustainable municipal waste management. The WTE plants must expand their use of this versatile tool in light of the increasing waste and energy demand over the coming decades.