A net-zero carbon economy and 100 percent clean electricity are the federal government's goals for 2035 and 2050, respectively.
FREMONT, CA: The federal government of the United States has set a goal of 100 percent renewable electricity by 2035 and a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. Distributed wind power and other forms of renewable energy will be very important if we want to reach these high goals.
Distributed wind energy refers to deploying wind technologies as dispersed energy resources. These technologies are place-based solutions facilitating the transition to carbon-free electricity for individuals, communities, and companies.
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Distributed wind can be used in either behind-the-meter or front-of-the-meter applications. In behind-the-meter applications, the system directly offsets a specific end user's retail electricity supply consumption. In front-of-the-meter applications, the system is connected to the distribution network and provides energy to the whole community while making the local distribution network more robust, reliable, and resilient. Distributed wind installations can range from an off-grid wind turbine with less than one kilowatt of power that runs telecommunications equipment to a community-scale energy station with 10 megawatts of power.
Between 2003 and 2020, more than 87,000 wind turbines with a total capacity of 1,055 megawatts were set up in different places in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and Guam. The most widely distributed wind capacity has been established in Iowa, Minnesota, Massachusetts, California, and Texas. As more communities realize the importance distributed energy resources may play in their local transition to renewable energy and seek their environmental, economic, and social benefits, distributed wind may play a unique role in the future US grid.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has completed the Distributed Wind Energy Futures Study, which was financed by the Wind Energy Technologies Office of the US Department of Energy, to examine the potential for extensive deployment of distributed wind in 2035. The analysis demonstrates that dispersed wind can profitably generate approximately 1,400 gigawatts of power. This is sufficient energy to supply more than fifty percent of the United States' annual electrical demand.
However, the right conditions must be present for the scattered wind to reach its full potential.
Advances in modeling offer precise insights
The Distributed Wind Energy Futures Study continues NREL's 2016 groundbreaking exploratory examination of future potential of behind-the-meter distributed wind energy.
For 2016 and 2022 studies, NREL used its Distributed Wind model, which is part of its Distributed Generation Market Demand (dGenTM) model suite. NREL has expanded the 2016 study by adding new, higher-resolution data and modeling capabilities to dWind. Significantly, dWind now contains real-world dimensions from a data set containing 150 million parcels of land in the U.S. to size turbines for those locations. Moreover, NREL enhanced dWind to account for front-of-meter wind systems. Later this year, the model will be open-sourced as part of dGen.
With these expanded modeling capabilities, dWind can now investigate more community-scale distributed wind applications that could participate in the wholesale power market and a wider range of payment schemes. NREL projected future scenarios with various distributed wind system sizes in behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter applications for agricultural, commercial, and industrial land-use types.