Wind turbines work on a simple principle: rather than using electricity to create wind, they use the wind to create electricity.
Fremont, CA: The aerodynamic force of the rotor blades, which act similarly to an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade, converts wind energy into electricity in a wind turbine. The air pressure on one side of the blade lowers when the wind blows across it. Lift and drag are created by the difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade. The lift force is greater than the drag force, causing the rotor to spin. The rotor is connected to the generator directly or by a shaft and a series of gears that allow the generator to be physically smaller by speeding up the spin. The conversion of aerodynamic force to generator rotation generates power.
Types of wind turbines
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Wind turbines are majorly divided into two categories:
Horizontal-axis turbines
Many people envision horizontal-axis wind turbines when they think about wind turbines. They usually have three blades and run "upwind," with the turbine pivoting at the top of the tower and the blades facing the wind.
Vertical-axis turbines
The eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor, is one of several vertical-axis wind turbines. These turbines are omnidirectional, which means they don't have to be pointed into the wind to work.
What are the applications of wind turbines?
Land-based wind
The size of land-based wind turbines ranges from 100 kilowatts to several megawatts. Wind turbines that are larger and more cost-effective are clustered together to form wind plants, which offer bulk power to the electrical grid.
Offshore wind
Offshore wind turbines are often huge, towering over the Statue of Liberty. Because the big components can be delivered on ships rather than on highways, they do not have the same transportation issues as land-based wind systems. These turbines can capture strong ocean winds and produce massive amounts of energy.
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Distributed wind
Distributed wind refers to wind turbines of any size that are installed on the customer side of the electric meter or at or near the location where the energy they create will be used. Small wind turbines are commonly employed in distributed applications. Small turbines can sometimes be combined with other dispersed energy resources in hybrid energy systems.